A CASE STUDY ON POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN DISEASE (PCOD) AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH AGE, SLEEP, AND DIETARY PATTERNS IN BARGARH, ODISHA, INDIA

Abstract

Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) is one of the most prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorders affecting women of reproductive age and has emerged as a major public health concern worldwide. The disorder is characterized by hormonal imbalance, irregular ovulation, ovarian cyst formation, insulin resistance, obesity, infertility, and psychological disturbances. Lifestyle-related factors such as poor dietary habits, inadequate sleep, stress, and sedentary behaviour have been increasingly associated with the occurrence and severity of PCOD. The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of PCOD and examine its relationship with age, sleep patterns, and dietary habits among women in the Bargarh area of Odisha, India. A survey-based prospective study was conducted for four months from December 2025 to March 2026 at Kishori Nursing Home, Bargarh, Odisha. Data were collected from both indoor and outdoor patients, and a total of 250 individuals were assessed, among whom 29 individuals were diagnosed with PCOD. Age-related analysis indicated that the highest number of PCOD cases was observed in the 21–24 years age group. Sleep assessment revealed that moderate to severe sleep disturbances were common among participants, whereas dietary analysis showed that unhealthy and moderately balanced diets were associated with increased PCOD prevalence. Irregular menstruation, weight gain, hair fall, acne, and mood disturbances were the major symptoms observed among affected individuals. The findings indicate that age, sleep quality, and dietary behaviour significantly influence the occurrence and progression of PCOD. Early diagnosis, lifestyle modification, proper sleep management, and balanced nutrition may contribute substantially to reducing disease severity and improving reproductive health outcomes among women.